Application Gateway:
> Acts as an ingress controller managing external traffic entering your application
> Operates at Layer 7 (Application Layer) providing HTTP(S) load balancing
> Typically includes Web Application Firewall (WAF) capabilities
> Handles SSL/TLS termination
> Provides URL-based routing and path-based redirections
> Primary focus is on north-south traffic (external to internal)
Service Mesh:
> Manages communication between services within your infrastructure
> Provides mutual TLS (mTLS) encryption between services
> Implements traffic management features like circuit breaking, retry logic, and failover
> Offers observability through metrics, traces, and logs
> Handles service discovery and load balancing between internal services
> Primary focus is on east-west traffic (service-to-service)