While all four technologies can be involved in a container networking stack, Container Network Interface (CNI) is typically considered the primary solution for multi-host container networking in modern container orchestration platforms.
> It provides a common interface that allows different networking implementations to be plugged in without changing the container orchestrator
> It allows operators to choose the networking implementation that best fits their requirements
> CNI plugins often leverage overlay networks and IPtables underneath, but abstract away these details
In a typical setup, CNI provides the framework, while specific CNI plugins might implement overlay networking underneath. IPtables rules are used by these implementations, and service meshes might be added on top for advanced application networking features.