Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA): This adds an extra layer of security beyond just a password. Even if an attacker gets a password, they would need access to a second factor (like a code from a phone or a fingerprint) to gain access. This significantly hinders many social engineering tactics.
Conducting employee training: This is crucial because social engineering exploits human psychology. Training employees to recognize social engineering tactics (phishing emails, pretexting calls, baiting, etc.) empowers them to be the first line of defense.
Verifying the identity of requesters: Attackers often impersonate legitimate individuals or organizations. Establishing procedures to verify the identity of anyone requesting sensitive information or access (e.g., calling back a known number, checking employee directories) can prevent successful impersonation attacks.
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A) Regularly updating software, using strong passwords, and enabling firewalls: While these are good general security practices, they primarily protect against technical attacks (malware, exploits) rather than the manipulation of human behavior at the core of social engineering.
B) Installing antivirus software, backing up data regularly, and limiting internet access: Antivirus software can help detect some malicious software delivered through social engineering, and backups are essential for recovery after an attack. However, these are more reactive measures. Limiting internet access is impractical and doesn't directly address the social engineering aspect.
C) Restricting physical access to servers, using biometric authentication, and encrypting data: These are excellent security practices, but they are more focused on protecting physical assets and data at rest or in transit. While they offer some indirect protection, they don't directly address the manipulation tactics central to social engineering.