Two-factor authentication (2FA) requires two different factors of authentication. These factors typically fall into these categories:
Something you know: (e.g., password, PIN, security question answer)
Something you have: (e.g., phone, security token, smart card)
Something you are: (e.g., fingerprint, facial recognition, iris scan)
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A) Both a password and a security question are "something you know." This is not two different factors.
B) Both a fingerprint and facial recognition are "something you are." This is not two different factors.
C) A password is "something you know," and a one-time code sent to your phone is "something you have." These are two different factors, making this an example of 2FA.
D) Both a username and password are "something you know." This is only one factor.